Some people think it is debatable that an Africa in which Africans require no visas to travel can boost prospects for tourism and intra-continental trade. They are quick to ask, is Europe not already a fine example?
The African Union, AU, and many of the continent’s economic organisations think the same way and want it to be a reality by 2020. It is not an entirely original concept (the European Union already has a visa-free policy for its citizens), and many experts laud the AU’s position, at least in principle.
The idea of an African passport dates back a quarter of a century but has failed to catch on with countries that fear an increase in smuggling, illegal immigration, terrorism, and the spread of disease as well as a negative impact on local job markets. With migration, legal and illegal, blamed for recent outbreaks of xenophobia in South Africa, some of these fears seem credible.
Visa-free travel for Africans in Africa could be a logistical nightmare given that some citizens do not have travel documents and others lead nomadic lives. Individual countries may need to enact legislation to adopt the African passport. Few African nations use the biometric data that an African passport requires.
Last year the AU launched an African passport, a signature project of former chairperson Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. However, the passport is currently available only to senior diplomats and top officials of AU’s 55 member states.
Of those member states, only Seychelles offers visa-free access to all African countries. “The large and fast-growing economies aren’t following suit because the visa regime itself has created a bureaucratic habit,” notes Daniel Silke, Director of the South Africa-based Political Futures Consultancy. “Old habits are hard to break, although there is justification for hesitation in terms of the legitimate layer of security that visas provide.”
In November 2017, after 15 years of negotiations, the Central African Economic and Monetary Community, CEMAC, comprising of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of Congo, ratified the visa-free movement of its citizens.
Under the policy, member states will adopt biometric technology, ensure police and security services’ coordination, and respect for different labour regulations.
